Citation styles - HARVARD

CASES

FORM

EXAMPLES

for works without an author

(First word of title of work / full title in case of short title, year of publication)

(Leadership styles, 2003)

for a single author

(Author’s surname, year of publication)

(Smith, 2018)

for two authors

(Author1’s last name and/or/& Author2’s last name, year of publication)

(Smith & Heywood, 2018)

for three or more authors

(Author1’s surname and/and/& et al., year of publication)

(Smith et al., 2018)

when using publications by the same author(s) in the same year, the distinction may be made by a, b, c... after the year of publication

(Author's surname, year of publication a, year of publication b)

(Smith, 2018a, 2018b)

in the case of references to several works

(Last name of author of first work, year of publication; name of author of second work, year of publication)

(Smith, 2018; , 2020)

if the text contains the name of the author

... as stated by author's surname (year of publication)...

… as Smith (2018) found…

when quoting verbatim, the quoted text is enclosed in quotation marks and a page number is always given

(Author's surname, year of publication, exact page number)

(Smith, 2018, p.23)

DOCUMENT TYPE

FORM

EXAMPLES

book

Author1’s name, Author2’s name (Year). Title. Subtitle. Place of publication: name of publisher.

Hague, Rod, Harrop, Martin (2010): Comparative Government and Politics : An Introduction. Basingstoke, New York : Palgrave Macmillan.

conference proceedings

Editor's name (ed.) (Year). Title. Title of the conference [if different from the title of the publication], place and date of the conference. Place of publication: name of publisher.

Fotaris, Panagiotis (ed.) (2024): Proceedings of the 11^th European Conference on Social Media. Brighton, May 30-31., 2024. Brighton: University of Brighton.

book chapter

or study

Book chapter / Study Author1’s name, Author2’s name, (Year). Title of the book chapter / study. In: Author's name or Editor(s) name Title of the volume. Place of publication: Publisher's name. pp. the length of the excerpt.

Walzer, Michael (2014): Citizenship In: Bellamy, Richard, Kennedy-Macfoy, Medeleine (eds.): Citizenship. Critical Concepts in Political Science, Vol.1. Routledge. pp.86-92.

journal article

Author1's name, Author2's name (Year). Title of the article. Title of journal, Year/Volume number (Issue number), pp. length of article.

DOI number

Huntington, Samuel (1991): Democracy’s Third Wave. Journal of Democracy, 2(2), pp. 12-34.

DOI 10.1353/jod.1991.0016

electronic document

Author’s name (year). Title of the article. [document type]

Available at: http://www....... (Downloaded on: date)

Leek, Jeff (2022). What is artificial intelligence? A three part definition. [Blog] Simply Statistics

Available: https://simplystatistics.org/posts/2017-01-19-what-is-artificial-intelligence/ (Downloaded: 15.01.2024.)